![]() General common knowledge is factual information considered to be in the public domain, such as birth and death dates of well-known figures, and generally accepted dates of military, political, literary, and other historical events. You do not need to cite a source for material considered common knowledge. If a source provided any of these, you need to acknowledge the source. Ideas: An author’s ideas may include not only points made and conclusions drawn, but, for instance, a specific method or theory, the arrangement of material, or a list of steps in a process or characteristics of a medical condition. Information: If a piece of information isn’t common knowledge (see #3 below), you need to provide a source. If you use an author’s specific word or words, you must place those words within quotation marks and you must credit the source.Įven if you use your own words, if you obtained the information or ideas you are presenting from a source, you must document the source. This handout is intended to help you use source materials responsibly and avoid plagiarizing by (a) describing the kinds of material you must document (b) illustrating unsuccessful and successful paraphrases (c) offering advice on how to paraphrase and (d) providing guidelines for using direct quotations. The University takes plagiarism seriously, and the penalties can be severe. This means you need to be careful not to plagiarize: “to use and pass off (the ideas or writings of another) as one’s own” ( American Heritage Dictionary) or, in the words of the University of Wisconsin’s Academic Misconduct guide, to present “the words or ideas of others without giving credit” (“Plagiarism,” ¶ 1). When you write at the college level, you often need to integrate material from published sources into your own writing.
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